1883-1884 School Circular

Quick reference copy for school circular.

RG.03.04.05

1883

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

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PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS.

CIRCULAR
OF THE

COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION,

(With Report on the Season of 1882-1883.)

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PHILADELPHIA:

GLOBE PRINTING HOUSE,
188 3.

11:2

N. TWELFTH ST.

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OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

CIRCULAR
PRESIDENT.

OF THE

JAMES L. CLAGHORN.

COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION.

DIRECTORS.

GEO. S. PEPPER,
HENRY C. G1BSON,
FAIRMAN ROGERS,
CLARENCE H. CLARK,
WM. B. BEMENT,
JOSEPH WILLIAM BATES,

1883-1884-

WILLIAM S. BAKER,
EDWARD H. COATES,
ATHERTON BLIGHT,
JAMES S. MARTIN,
E. BURGESS WA~REN,
CHARLES HENRY HART.

Treasurer

EDW ARD H. COATES.

&cretmy

GEORGE CORLISS. .

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Curator of thl! School and Librarian H. C. ·WHIPPLE.

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COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION.

WILLIAM S. BAKER,
FAIRMAN ROGERS,
JOSEPH WILLIAM BATES,
EDWARD H. COATES.
ATHERTON BLIGHT.

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Director of School

THOMAS EAKINS.
W . W. KEEN, M.D.

Professor of A rtistic A nato1llY
Assistant P rofnsor of Painting and D rawing.

THOMAS ANSHUTZ.

D emonstrator of Anatomy

JOHN WALLACE.

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Correspondence on matters connected with the school should be addressed
to Mr. H. C. WHIP P LE, Curator.

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THE object of the School is to afford facilities and instruction
of the highest order to those persons-men and women-who
intend making painting or sculpture their profession.
Secondarily: To extend, as far as possible, the same benefits,
as a foundation, to engravers, die-sinkers, illustrators, decorators,
wood-carvers, stone-cutters, lithographers, photographers, etc.,
who have always been largely represented in the school. No
advantages but those of pure art education are offered to them,
they learning outside, with masters, in the workshop or in technical schools, the mechanical parts of their art
trade.
Lastly: To let amateurs profit by the same facilities. When
the classes are crowded, preference in admission will be given
to applicants in the order above indicated.

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The course of study is believed to be more thorough than that
of any other existing school. Its basis is the nude human
figure .
~n the anatomical department, the advanced students dissect;
and the demonstrators use largely, in the dissecting room, the
nude living model for comparision .
A course of thirty-five anatomical lectures is given, and also a
series of lessons in perspective and composition.
Animals are also dissected from time to time, and a living horse
is used in the modeling-room each season for a pose of six or
eight weeks.
The hours being arranged so as not to interfere with each
other, every student has an opportunity of modeling in clay, as

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as of painting, from the nude.
sential feature of the course.

FORM OF APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL
OF THE PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS.

This combination is an es-

CHARGES.

For the season of eight months, including all
privileges. .
For one month, same privileges,
For one month, Antique Class, day and night,
For one month, Night Life Class,
For the season of eight months in the Antique
<?lass, day or night, or in the Night Life Class,

I desire to enter the Antique Class of the Academy. I have
read the rules embodied in the circular of the Academy, and agree
to abide by them.

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$48
8

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My age

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Occupation............................................................................................................ -

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Object in studying ArL_.......................................................................... .
I desire to take Ollt a ticket for __ .......... _ ................................................*

24 00

Signature

:fees are payable in advance. A full Season Ticket may be
paid for in six monthly instalments of eight dollars, or in one
Payment of '48. A partial season ticket may be paid for in six
instalments of four dollars, or in one payment of $24.

Address ....................................................................................... ~ ...... _ _ __
Students will be transferred from the Antique to the Life Class
as soon as they have demonstrated, by their work in the Antique,
their ability to profit by the Life Class work.
Applic;ltions for transfer "to the Life Class must be made upon
the following form; and, wkm the applicant is a minor, the permission of a parent Or guardian must be signed to it.

ADMISSION OF STUDENTS.

Any person of good charader, -of either sex, and over fifteen
years of age, giving satisfactory evidence of ability to profit
by the course of study laid down in these rules, will' be .
admitted, on application made in compliance with the foll~wing directions.

APPLICATION FOR TRANSFER TO THE LIFE CLASS.
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Times of Admission.-The committee will act upon applications for admission on the second and fourth Wednesdays in every month, excepting May, June, July, and
August. All applications .should be filed the day before
the meeting.
Conditions of Admission.-Students are admitted to the
Antiq~~ Class without being required to submit any drawing
for examination, but each applicant must fill up the foUowing form, copies of which can be had at the offic~ of the
Academy.

......._ .....................................................................................

I desire to enter the Life Class of the Academy, and submit
the accompanying specimen of my work in the Antique Class.
Work submifted.....................................................................................................
I desire to take out ticket for ........................ ~ ...........- .............................

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; Signature_____.... __......._................... _ ..........................................................
Address .................................................·................................................................. .
I consent to the above student entering the Life Class.
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Signature of paren t or guardian

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In the space before the asterisk above, the length of time for which a
ticket is asked, should be stated.

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.'. of those who have previously belonged to it, or those
give satisfactory proof that they have been members of
in other recos:nized Art Schools.
person admitted to study in the Academy will be fura ticket, which must be shown on entering, until
is known to the doorkeeper.
. class students only will be admitted to the dissecting
and the same restriction applies to the modeling room at
assigned for modeling from the living figure.
of the antique as well as life-class students are entitled
the lectures on art anatomy in the lecture-room, and
lectures that may be provided for the school, unless
prohibited. They may also use the modeling room
not Occupied for the regular sessions of the life class.

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Year begins the first Monday in October, and
on the last Saturday in May.
'.' study of Art Anatomy in the dissecting room begins
. . about the first of November and ends about the 31st of
March.
lectures on Art Anatomy begin on the 8th of October,
continue about four months.

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lessons on Perspective and Composition will follow lecon Art Anatomy.

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Class
cannot be entered in. any other way, except in
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and Holidays.-The ~chool will be closed during
of June, July, August and September; and on
Thanksgiving day, Christmas and New Year's days,
.na~mington's Birthday, on which days students will not
to any portion of the school department.

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);YIU:¥Ji,L.EU~ AND DUTIES OF. STUDENTS.

REGULATIONS FOR ANTIQUE ROOMS.

No cast shall be moved except by order of the teacher, or curator, who shall decide how long it may remain away fr.om its
place.

on taking out his ticket, will be required to
donar which ;ill be paid back to him when he gives
and returns the property of the Academy which he
expiration of the time for which his ticket was issued
must reinove all his personal property from the
and give up the keys which he has received from the

REGULATIONS FOR THE DISSECTING ROOM.

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well advanced in painting who desires to make
of a Pi~e belonging to the Academy, may
the President permission to do so, on presenting
i,application approved by the Committee on InstrucI ...........ifv;na the picture to be copied.

ticket entitles the holder to visit the galleries.
~Jl;tiULATIONS.FOR

Students will be held responsible for breakage of casts resulting
from their own carelessness.

THE

LIFE~CLASS

ROOMS.

Model.....;.Each new pose shall be determined by a
of Dve of the clas..., taken in regular order from
~betical roll.
Mmmittee for the first pose shall consist of the first
:roll who are present at the commencement of that
the second pose the next five; and so on to the end
of the class not present when by the above
would be placed upon the committee, will
of the committee. as to the pose shall be
peae>shalI consist of six sittings, and each sculpture
or eighteen, unless the Director should order

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The Demonstrator of Anatomy has charge of the Dissecting
Room, and superintends under the Director, the dissecting,
casting, and drawing.
The Assistant Demonstrators (who are selected from the students)
make the dissectiops; and make daily demonstrations for the
ilife class students, who are admitted to the Dissecting Room,
,and who may then, if they desire, make drawings of the
dissections.

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The period for dissection is included between the first of
November and the first of the following April. No dissections shall be made in the Academy except those authorized
by the Director, or the Professor of Anatomy.
The work in the dissecting room involves muck practical study
6f comparative anatomy, and is therefore of direct use to
animal painters as well as to painters of the human figure.
LECTURES ON ARTISTIC ANATOMY.

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Prof. W. W. Keen will begin his course of lectures on Artistic
.Anatomy, free to all Academy students, on the 8th of October.
Season tickets for !hese lectures, for persons not Academy
students, Five Dollars.
The course will consist of about thirty-five lectures, to be
given on Monday and Wednesday evenings, at six o'clock.
The lectures will be illustrated by diagrams, casts, anatomical
models and preparations, skeletons of man and the lower
animals, dissections, and the living model.

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subjects wiI1 be treated, although not necesprecisely the following order or number of lec-

THE CHARLES TOPPAN PRIZE.

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lecture will treat of' the relations and
" to art, and of the proper methods of
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This prize, established in 1881, by the gift of Mrs. Charles
Toppan, Miss Harriette R. Toppan, and Mr. Robert N. Toppan,
was awarded, for the first time, at the autumn exhibition of
the Academy in October, 1882. The conditions ar~ as follows:At each Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts, two prizes,' one of Two Hundred dollars, and one
; of One Hundred dollars, shall be awarded by the Committee on
Instruction, or such other Committee as may be appointed by
the Board, for the two best pictures by students of the Academy
who have worked regularly in its schools for at least two years;
provided, however, that there shall be no obligation to award a
prize to any work which is not, in the opinion of the Committee,
of sufficient merit.
The pictures submitted may be either in oil or water color, and
must be entered in the usual way for the Annual Exhibition, with
the additional note that they are in competition for this prize.
They may be either figure pieces, landscapes, cattle pieces, or
marines.
The competition is not extended to sculpture.
According to the positively expressed terms of the gift. the
drawing of the pictures will receive the first attention of the examiners, that work which shows the most accurate drawing receiving the preference.
The prizes will be awarded as soon after the opening of the
exhibition as is convenient, and the pictures receiving them will
be appropriately marked.
In any case of uncertainty as to the right of a competitor to be
considered a student, the decision of the Board of Directors upon
a report from the Committee on Instruction shall be final.

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wijl be given to the study of the bones and
human skeleton and' the comparative anatomy
skeleton.
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lectures to the muscles, especially to. those which
infiuenceextemal form. Two of these will be dethe muscles of the face and the anatomy of expresin man and the lower animals.
,lectures to the eye, nose, mouth, chin, and ear.
lectures to the skin, with its various wrinkles (espeof the face), and the subcutaneous layer of fat
bloodvessels in the superficial fascia.
lecture to the hair and beard, lJ.nd postural expression.
lecture to proportions.

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LECTURES ON PERSPECTIVE AND COMPOSITION.

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of eight or more lectures on perspective and compobe given by the Director during the months of March

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tickets for this course to persons, not Academy students,

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GENERAL STATEMENT OF OBLIGATIONS.

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person admitted to study in the Academy is held bound
. . the foregoing regulations; and is also expected to be
and proper in conduct.

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SPECIAL NOTICE TO APPLICANTS.

raca<1emy does not undertake to furnish detailed instrue;rather facilities for study, supplemented by the occasional
of the teachers; and the classes are intended especially
who expect to be professional artists.

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There are obvious reasons why applicants should not be permitted to enter the Life Class direct by mere~y buying a ticket,
and all persons except those who have been members of the
Life Class at some previous time, or-who are recognized artists,
or who have been members of some other life school, are required
to work in the Antique Class until the Director or his assistant
is satisfied of their ability to profit by work in the Life Class

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RT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION.

the season of 1882-83, the first since the adoption of
of charging a·fee for attendance, the number of stubeen 203. Two special tickets were also sold for Dr.
.:;anatomical lectures. .
students, 106 were men and 97 women.
difficult to convey any useful information by formal sta203

atte!ldance, as from the nature of the conditions the
is very irregular.
is a large class of students preparing to become· profesartists. These are the most important, and it is for them.
school is especially designed. They take.out full tickets
the greater part of the day working in the life paint. modeling classes and the. dissecting room. As they
their studieS they gradually obtain work which occu-

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the views of its present Director, is to set the student eadyat his
work from the life, and to encourage the use of paint and color
from the first.

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The policy of the school in encouraging all the students to
model in clay, as well as to paint, continues to show most valuab1e
results, and is one of the most important features of the school.
During the season a horse was used in the clay-room in addi-

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to the h~man model for seven weeks for a class of men and
women together. The horse was succeeded by a cow for five

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in their own studios; and their attendance at the
is then limited to certain hours or certain kinds of

when they are transferred upon a proper application.
As heretofore, the policy of the school, in accordance with

weeks. During the time of the work on the horse, parts of a
horse were dissected in the dissecting room.
Lectures on perspective and on composition, illustrated by

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the lantern, were given by Mr. Eakins, the former being also
illustrated by ingeniously constructed models on a large scale.
A number of photographs (}f models used in the Life Classes,
were made in cases in which the model was unusually good, or

also a small proportion of amateurs who attend more

had any peculiarity of form or action which would be instructive,

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classes are largely made up of another kind of
are e~ployed during the day as lithographers,
modelers, photographers, etc., and. who attend
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the 'hours at their disposal. They take out half
Class has been. used under the new pay system
for the Life Classes.

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and a collection of these photographs will thus be gradually
made for the use of the students.

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Dr. Keen's lectures on Anatomy were carned on as usual,
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the work in the dissecting room was very satisfactory.
Mr. Thomas AiIshutz, a graduate of the school, has been

acting as Assistant Instructor, and Mr. Wallace as Demonstrator
of Anatomy, assisted by a committee of students.

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The minor facilities of the school have been greatly improved.
Man y new closets have been provided and large additions made
to the number of modeling stands, etc.
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During the winter Mr. Hubert Herkomer, of London, by invitation of the Academy, lectured before the students and invited
artists, on "Art," and Mr. Eadweard Muybridge, of San Francisco, lectured and exhibited his wonderful photographs of the
motions of animals twice before the students. To both these
gentlemen the Academy is much indebted.
Two lectures on Etching were given by Mr. Seymour Haden,
to which the more advanced students were invited.
A gratifying indication of the appreciation of the school in
artistic Circles is the number of students coming from other
States. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Tennessee are represented on the register.

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