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Title
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1883-1884 School Circular
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RG.03.04.01
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eng
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PDF
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•
OF THE
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Qommittrr on Instpurtion,
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PEN~SYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS.
CIRCULAR
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION,
,
( With Report on the Season of 1882- 1883.)
PHILADELPHIA :
GLOBE PRINTING HOUSE,
188 3.
II2
N. TWELFTH ST.
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OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
CI RCULAR
PRESIDENT.
OF THE
JAMES L. CLAGf-IORN.
COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION.
DIRECTORS.
GEO. S. PEPPER,
WILLIAM S. BAKER,
HE:\fRY C. GIBSON,
EDWARD H. COATES,
FAIRMAN ROGERS,
ATHERTON BLIGHT,
CLARENCE H. CLARK,
WM. B. BEMENT,
JAMES S. MARTIN,
E. BURGESS WARREN,
JOSEPH WILLIAM BATES,
CHARLES HENRY HART.
Treasurer
EDWARD H. COATES.
Secretary
GEORGE CORLISS.
Curator of the School and Libran'an H. C. WHIPPLE.
COMM IITEE ON INSTR UCTION.
FAIRMAN ROGERS,
WILLIAM S. BAKER,
JOSEPH WILLIAM BATES,
EDWARD H. COATES.
ATHERTON BLIGHT.
Director of School
.
THOMAS EAKINS.
Profmor of A"listie Anatomy .
W. W. KEEN, M.D.
A ssistant Profissor of P ainting and Dra10ing.
THOMAS ANSHUTZ.
JOHN WALLACE.
Demonstrator of Anatomy
Correspondence on matters connected with the school should be addressed
to Mr. H. C. "VHIPPLE, Curator.
1883- 188
t
THE object of the School is to afford facilities and instruction
of the highest order to those persons-men and women-who
intend making painting or sculpture their profession.
Secondarily: To extend, as far as possible, the same benefits,
as a foundation, to engravers, die-sinkers, illustrators, decorators,
wood·carvers, stone'cutters, lithographers, photographers, etc.,
who have always been largely represented in the school. No
advantages but those of pure art education are offered to them,
they learning outside', with masters, in the workshop or in technical schools, the mechanical parts of their art or trade.
Lastly: To let amateurs profit by the same facilities. When
the classes are crowded, preference in admissions will be given
to applicants in the order above indicated.
The course of study is believed to be more thorough than that
of any other existing school. Its basis is the nude human
figure.
In the anatomical department, the advanced students dissect ;
and the demonstrators use largely, in the dissecting room, the
nude living model for comparison.
A course of thirty· five anatomical lectures is given, and also a
series of lessons in perspective and composition.
Animals are also dissected from time to time, and a living horse
is used in the modelVng-room each season for a pose of six or
eight weeks.
The hours being arranged so as not to interfere with each
other, every student has an opportunity of modeling in clay, as
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welt as of painting, from the nude.
sential feature of the course.
FORM OF APPLICA nON FOR ADMISSION TO THE SCH OO L
OF TIlE PENNSYLVANIA ACADE:'vlY OF TIlE FINE ARTS.
This combination is an es-
I desire to enter the Antique Class of the Academy. I have
read the rules embodied in the circular of tlje Academy, and agree
to abide by them.
CHARGES.
For the season of eight months, including. all
privileges, .
For one mon th, same privileges,
For one month, Antique Class, day and night,
For one month, Night Life Class,
For the season of eight months in the Antique
Class, day or night, or in the Night Life Class,
$4~
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4
4
00
My age is ..................................................................................................... .
00
Occupation .................................................................................................. .
00
Object in studying ArL __....................................... .......... .
00
I desire to take out a ticket for _...... _-_ ... _- ... _-_ .... _-_._---24
00
Address .............................................................................................. _.......__ ...._._
Students will be transferred from the Antique to the Life Class
as soon as they have demonstrated, by their work in the Antique,
their ability to profit by the Life Class work.
Applications for transfer to the Life Class must be made upon
the following form; and, wilen tile applicant is a minor, the per·
mission of a parent or guardian must be signed to it.
ADMISSION OF STUDENTS.
•
Times of Admission.-The committee will act upon applications for admission on the second and fourth Wednesdays in every month, excepting May, June; July, and
August. All applications shotlld be filed the day before
the meeting.
Conditions of Admission.-Students are admitted to the
An tique Cl ass without being required to submit any drawing
fo r examination, but each applicant must fill up the following form, copies of which can be had at the offic>~ of the
Academy.
APPLICATION FOR TRANSFER TO THE LIFE CLASS.
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I desire to enter the Life Class of the Academy, and subm it
the accompanying specimen of my work in the Antique Class.
Work submitted ................ ....................................................................................
I desire to take out ticket for ...................................................................... "
•
Sign a t ure _....._ .. _... _.... ............. ... .... ...... .... ............... .... ...........................:... ......... .._
Address ...................... ............................................................................................. .
I consent to the above student entering the Life Class.
Signature of paren t or gnardian ....................................... .
*
In the space before the asterisk above, the length of time for which a
ticket is asked, should be stated .
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Signature._.. ___........................................................................................ ...
Fees are payable in advance. A full Season Ticket may be
paid for in six monthly instalments of eight dollars, or in one
payment of $48. A partial season ticket may be paid for in six
instalments of four dollars, or in one payment of $24.
Any person of good character, of either sex, and over fifteen
years of age, giving satisfactory evidence of ability to profit
by the course of study laid down in these rules, will be
adm itted, on application made in compliance with the following directions.
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The Life CIa s cannot be entered in any other way, except in
the case of those who have previously belonged to it, or those
wh o can give satisfactory proof that they have been members of
Life Classes in other recognized Art Schools.
Every person admitted to study in the Academy will be fu rni shed with a ticket, which must be shown on entering, unti l
the holder is known to the doorkeeper.
Life class students only will be admitted to the dissecting
room; and the same restriction applies to the modeling room at
the hours assigned for modeling from the living figure.
Studen ts of the antique as well as life-class students are entitled
to attend the lectures on art anatomy in the lecture-room, and
any other lectures that may be provided for the school, unless
spec ially prohibited . They may also use the modeling roo m
when it is not occupied for the regular sessions of the life class.
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The School Year begins the first Monday in October, and
ends on the last Saturday in May.
The study of Art Anatomy in the dissecting room begins
about the first of November and ends about the 31st of
March.
The lectures on Art Anatomy begin on the 8th of October,
and con tinue about four months.
The lessons on Perspective and Composition will follow lectures on Art Anatomy.
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V acatio ns and Holidays.-The school will be closed during
the months of June, July, August and September; and on
Sundays, Thanksgi ving day, Christmas and New Year's days,
and Washington's Birthday, on which days students will not
be ad mitted to any portion o~ the school department.
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8
PRIVILEGES AND DUTIES OF STUDENTS.
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REGULATIONS FOR ANTIQUE ROOMS.
Students are provided with closets or boxes, drawing-boards,
and modeling stands.
No cast shall be moved except by order of the teacher, or curator, who shall decide how long it may remain away from its
place ..
Each student, on taking out his ticket, will be required to
deposit one dollar which will be paid back to him when he gives
up his keys and returns the property of the Academy which he
has been using.
Students will be held responsible for breakage of casts resulting
from their own carelessness.
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REGULATIOXS FOR THE DISSECTING ROOM.
At the expiration of the time for which his ticket was issued
the student must remove all his personal property from the
Academy, and give up the keys which he has received from the
Academy.
The Demonstrator of Anatomy has charge of the Dissecting
Room, and superintends under the Director, the dissecting,
casting, and drawing.
Any student well advanced in painting who desires to make
a study copy of a picture belonging to the Academy, may
receivy from the President permission to do so, on presenting
a written application approved by the Committee on Instruction, and specifying the picture to be copied.
The Assistant Demonstrators (who are selected from the students)
make the dissections; and make daily demonstrations for the
life class students, who are admitted to the Dissecting Room,
and who may then, if they desire, make drawings of the
dissections.
A student's ticket entitles the holder to visit the galleries.
REGULATIONS FOR THE LIFE·CLASS ROOMS.
Posing the Model.-Each new pose shall be determined by a
committee of five of the clas~, taken in regular order from
the alphabet ical roll.
The committee fo r the first pose shall consist of the first
five on the roll who are present at th e commencement of that
pose; for the second pose th e next five; and so on to the end
of the roll.
Any member of the class not present when by the above
regulations he would be placed upon the committee, will
forfeit his turn .
The decision of the committee as to the pose shall be
final.
Each painting pose shall consist of six: sittings, and each sculpture
pose of twelve or eighteen, unless the Director should order
otherwise.
The period for dissection is included between the fi rst of
November and the first of the following April. No dissections shall be· made in the Academy except those authorized
by the Director, or the Professor of Anatomy.
The work in the dissecting room involves mUCR practical study
of comparative anatomy, and is therefore of direct use to
animal painters as well as to painters of the human figure.
LECTURES ON ARTISTIC ANATOMY.
Prof. W. W. Keen will begin his course of lectures on Artistic
Anatomy, free to all Academy students, on the 8th of October.
Season tickets for these lectures, for persons not Academy
• students, Five Dollars.
The course will consist of about thi rty-five lectures, to be
given on Monday and Wednesday eveniugs, at six o'clock.
The lectures will be illustrated by diagrams, casts, anatomical
models and preparations, skeletons of man and the lower
animals, dissections, and the living model.
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The following subjects will be treated, although not necessarily in preci sely the following order or number of lectures : Th e introd uctory lecture will treat of the relations and
importance of anatomy to art, and of the proper methods of
its stud y.
Ten lectures will be given to the study of the bones and
joints of the human skeleton and the comparative anatomy
of the skeleton.
Fourteen lectures to the muscles, especially to those which
directly influence external form. Two of these will be devoted to the muscles of the face and the anatomy of expression, both in man and the lower animals.
Four lectures to the eye, nose, mouth, chin, and ear.
Two lectures to the skin, with its various wrinkles (especially th ose of the face), and the subcutaneous layer of fat
and the blood vessels in the superficial fascia.
One lecture to the hair and beard, and postural expression.
One lecture to proportions.
II
TilE CllARLES TOPPAN PRIZE.
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LECTURES ON PERSPECTIVE AND COMPOSITION.
A course of eight or more lectures on perspective and composition will be given by the Director during the months of March
and April.
Season tickets for this course to persons, not Academy students,
three dollars.
GENERAL STATEMENT OF OBLIGATIONS.
Every person admitted to study in the Academy is held bound
by all the foregoing regulations; and is also expected to be
orderl y and proper in conduct.
SPECIAL -OTICE TO APPLICANTS.
The Academy does not undertake to furnish detailed instruction, but rather facilities for study, supplemente-d by the occasional
criticism of the teachers; and the classes are intended especially
for those who expect to be professional artists.
This prize, established in ) 88" by the gift of Mrs. Charles
Tappan, Miss Harriette R. Tappan, and Mr. Robert N. Toppan,
was awarded, for the first time, at the autumn exhibition of
the Academy in October, ,882. The conditions are as follows:At each Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts, two prizes, one of Two Hundred dollars, and one
of One Hundred dollars, shall be awarded by the Committee on
Instruction, or such other Committee as may be appointed by
the Board, for the two best pictures by students of the Academy
who have worked regularly in its schools for at least two years;
provided, however, that there shall be no obligation to award a
prize to any work which is not, in the opinion of the Committee,
of sufficient merit.
The pictures suhmitted may be either in oil or water color, and
must be entered in the usual way for the Annual Exhibition, with
the additional note that they are in competition for this prize.
They may be either figure pieces, landscapes, c~ttle pieces, or
maTlnes.
The competition is not extended to sculpture.
According to the positively expressed terms of the gift. the
drawing of the pictures will receive the first attention of the examiners, that work which shows the most accurate drawing receiving the preference.
The prizes will be awarded as soon after the opening of the
exhibition as is convenient, and the pictures receiving them will
be appropriatel y marked.
In any case of uncertainty as to the right of a competitor to be
considered a student, the decision of the Board of Directors upon
a report from the Committee on Instruction shall be final.
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REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INSTRUCTION.
D URING the season of 1882-83, the first since the adoption of
the system of charging a fee for attendance, the number of students has been 203. Two special tickets were also sold for Dr.
Keen's anatomi cal lectures.
Of the 203 students, 106 we're men and 97 women .
•
It is difficult to convey any useful information ·by formal statistics of attendan ce, as from the nature of the conditions the
attendance is very irregular.
T here is a large class of students preparing to become professional artists. These are the most important, and it is for them
that the school is especially designed. They take out full tickets
and spend the greater part of the day working in the life paintAs they
ing and modeling classes and the dissecting room.
advance in their studies they gradually obtain work which occupies them in their own studios; and their attendance at the
Academy is then limited to certain hours or certain kinds of
work.
Th ere is also a small proportion of amateurs who attend ~ore
or less regularly.
The night classes are largely made up of another kind of
work ers, who are employed during the day as lithographers,
ston e cutters, modelers, photographers, etc., and who attend
the school in the hours at their disposal. They take out half
price tickets.
The Antique Class has been used under the new pay system
as a preparation for the Life Classes.
There are obvious reasons why applicants should not be permitted to enter the Life Class direct by merely buying a ticket,
and all persons except those who have been members of the
Life Class at some previous time, or who are recognized artists,
or who have been members of some ot,her life school, are required
~o w~rk in the A~tiqu~ .Class until the Director or his assistan~
IS satIsfied of theIr abIlIty to profit by work in the Life Class
when they are transferred upon a proper application.
As heretofor~, the policy of ·the school, in accordance with
the views of its present Director, is to set the student early at his
work ~ the life, and to encourage the use of paint and color
from the fi rst.
The policy of the school in encouragmg all the students to
model in clay, as well as to paint, continues to show most valuable
results, and is one of the most important features of the school.
During the season a horse was used in the clay.room in addition to the human model for ~even weeks for a class of men and
women together . . The horse was succeeded by a cow for five
weeks. During the time of the work on the horse, parts of a
horse were dissected in the dissecting room.
Lectures on perspective and on composition, illustrated by
the lantern, were given by Mr. Eakins, the former being also
illustrated by ingeniously constructed models on a large scale.
Anum ber of photographs of models used in the Life Classes,
were made in cases in which the model was unusually good, or
had any peculiarity of form or action which would be instructive,
and a collection of these photographs will thus be gradually
made for the use of the students.
Dr. Keen's lectures on Anatomy were carried on as usual,
and the work in the dissecting room was very satisfactory.
Mr. Thomas Anshutz, a graduate of the school, has been
acting as Assistant Instructor, and Mr. Wallace as Demonstrator
of Anatomy, assisted by a committee of students.
14
The minor facilities of the school have been greatly improved.
Many new closets have been provided and large additions made
,
to the number of modeling stands, etc.
During the winter Mr. Hubert Herkomer, of London, by invitation of the Academy, lectured before the students and invited
artists on "Art," and Mr. Eadweard Muybridge, of San Francisco, lectured and exhibited his wonderful photographs of the
motions of animals twice before the students. To both these
gentlemen the Academy is much indebted.
Two lectures on Etching were given by Mr. Seymour Haden,
to which the more advanced students were invited.
A gratifying indication of the appreciation of the school in
artistic circles is the numbe r of students coming from other
States. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Tennessee are represented on the register .
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